A microphone is an instrument that is used to convert sound waves into a small electrical current. That current can then be passed on to other devices where it can be amplified, altered, and/or recorded. The 4 kinds of pickup patterns for microphones are cardioid, super cardioid, omni, and figure 8. The pickup pattern determines the amount of range the microphone has. Check out some of the microphones that artists and musicians are using around the world.